Overview
GIS is the abbreviation for Geographic Information System. It is a spatial information system that, supported by computer software and hardware, applies systems engineering and information science theories to scientifically manage and comprehensively analyze geographically referenced data, providing the information needed for planning, management, decision-making, and research.What is GIS used for?
GIS is built on surveying and mapping foundations, uses databases as the data source for storage and retrieval, and relies on computer programming as the platform for real-time global spatial analysis. This is the essence and core of GIS. Everything in the physical world is marked by time and space, and more than 80% of information in people's production and daily lives is related to geographic location.
As an important tool, technology, and discipline for acquiring, storing, analyzing, and managing geospatial data, Geographic Information System (GIS) has gained widespread attention and experienced rapid development in recent years. With the advancement of information technology and the advent of the digital age, GIS can theoretically be applied to virtually any industry today.
From a technical and application perspective, GIS is a tool, method, and technology for solving spatial problems. From an academic perspective, GIS is a discipline developed on the foundations of geography, cartography, surveying, and computer science, with its own independent academic framework.
In terms of functionality, GIS supports the acquisition, storage, display, editing, processing, analysis, output, and application of spatial data. From a systems perspective, GIS has a defined structure and function, making it a complete system.
What else does GIS mean?
GIS also stands for Geographic Information Science — the academic discipline focused on geographic information science.
Geographic Information Science primarily studies the fundamentals of geography, geographic information systems, database principles, remote sensing principles and technologies, and more. It uses 3S technologies (GPS, GIS, RS) to digitize matter within the Earth's systems. Examples include creating mobile maps based on urban terrain, remotely controlling drones, and providing real-time navigation and positioning.
Key courses in Geographic Information Science include:
- Photogrammetry
- GIS Spatial Analysis
- GIS Design and Development
- Introduction to Remote Sensing
- Physical Geography
- Quantitative Geography
- Remote Sensing Digital Image Processing
- Satellite Navigation and Positioning Principles and Applications
